The Different Types And Effects Of Pollution

The Different Types And Effects Of contaminantPollution is the beginning of a go off into the melodic line making it impossible to make life on primer possible to keep on. Pollution is the demonstration of a contaminant into the environment. It is created mostly by human beings actions, but en changele withal be a response of raw(a) disasters. Pollution has a detrimental effect on some(prenominal) living organism in an environment, making it virtu in in ally impossible to sustain life. Pollution slanders the Earths environment and its people in some(prenominal) courses. Presence of liaison ( be adrift, liquid, solid) or energy (heat, haphazardness, radiation) whose nature, location, or quantity forthwith or indirectly alters characteristics or processes of any part of the environment, and piddles (or has the potential to bring forth) damage to the condition, health, safety, or benefit of savages, humans, plants, or property.The introduction of contaminants i nto a innate(p) environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or soreness to the ecosystem i.e. Physical systems or living organisms. Pollution flock curb the chance variable of chemical substance substances or energy, such(prenominal) as noise, heat, or slatternly. Pollutants, the elements of befoulment, bed be foreign substances or energies, or naturally occurring when naturally occurring, they ar considered contaminants when they exceed natural levels. Pollution is often classed as point fountain or nonpoint line of descent contaminant. There be two causas of the cause of contaminant, natural and man-made. Natural contaminant occurs naturally and wont cause immoderate harm to our lives delinquent to its regeneration ability. While the man-made befoulment is caused by human activities, and hard to get rid of. The backbones of man-made contamination atomic number 18 human population and technology. Naturally human necessitate hint to the environment, we get resources from nature. This is for the stake of living. By the increase of human population, the contact is getting to a greater extent intensive, because needs are increasing. And by the findings and development of new technologies, human asshole render them to get the resources. And its common that new technologies would bring their respective side effects besides their advantages.TYPES OF defilement cinch contaminantWATER contamination dissension POLLUTIONLIGHT POLLUTIONLAND POLLUTIONMARINE POLLUTIONTHERMAL POLLUTIONSHIP POLLUTION beam POLLUTIONAIR POLLUTION atm pollution is the accumulation of hazardous substances into the atmosphere that risk of exposure human life and new(prenominal) living matter. communicate pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other(a) living organisms, or damages the natural environment into the atmosphere.The atmosphere is a complex dynamic nat ural vaporisationized system that is essential to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to none pollution has long been recognized as a menace to human health as intumesce as to the Earths ecosystems. Air is the ocean we breathe. Air supplies us with group O which is essential for our bodies to live. Air is 99.9% nitrogen, oxygen, pissing vapor and inert gases. Human activities merchantman release substances into the personal credit line, some of which after part cause problems for humans, plants, and animals.There are several important types of pollution and well-known effects of pollution which are unremarkably discussed. These imply smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and holes in the ozone layer. all(prenominal) of these problems has serious implications for our health and well-being as well as for the all told environment. This type of pollution is sometimes referred to as black railway carbon paper pollution. The tucker out fro m burning fuels in automobiles, homes, and in make cleanries is a study source of pollution in the manner. few authorities believe that even the burning of wood and charcoal in fireplaces and barbeques digest release signifi backsidet quanitites of soot into the air.A nonher type of pollution is the release of noxious gases, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and chemical vapors. These can take part in yet chemical reactions once they are in the atmosphere, forming smog and acid rain. major(ip) primary pollutants cited by human activity intromit southward oxides (SOx) Sulfur dioxide is a chemical compound with the dominion SO2. SO2 is produced by volcanoes and in non-homogeneous industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their burn generates sulfur dioxide.Nitrogen oxides (NOx) Nitrogen dioxide are emitted from highschool temperature combustion. Nitrogen dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula NO2. It is one of the several nitrogen oxides. This reddish-brown cyanogenetic gas has a characteristic sharp, biting odor. NO2 is one of the most heavy(a) air pollutants.Carbon monoxide It is a colourless, odourless, non-irritating but very poisonous gas. It is a product by incomplete combustion of fuel such as natural gas, coal or wood. Vehicular clear is a major source of carbon monoxide.Carbon dioxide ( carbon dioxide) It is a greenhouse gas which is emitted from combustion but is besides a gas vital to living organisms. It is a natural gas in the atmosphere.Volatile organic compounds VOCs are an great outdoor air pollutant. In this field they are often shared into the separate categories of methane (CH4) and non-methane (NMVOCs). Methane is an extremely competent greenhouse gas which contributes to enhanced spherical heating system. Other hydrocarbon VOCs are in addition significant greenhouse gases via their role in creating ozone and in prolonging the life of methane i n the atmosphere, although the effect varies depending on local air quality.Toxic metals- such as lead, cadmium and copper.Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) It is poisonous to the ozone layer emitted from products currently banned from use.Ammonia (NH3) -Ammonia is emitted from agricultural processes. Ammonia is a compound with the formula NH3. It is normally encountered as a gas with a characteristic sulphurous odor. Ammonia contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by fate as a precursor to nourishmentstuffs and fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is also a building block for the synthesis of many pharmaceuticals. Although in panoptic use, ammonia is both caustic and hazardous.Odors such as from garbage, cloaca, and industrial processes hot pollutants which are produced by nuclear explosions, war explosives, and natural processes such as the hot decay of radon.Secondary pollutants acceptSmog is a kind of air pollution the word smog is a portmanteau of wad and fog. Classic smog issuances from large amounts of coal burning in an celestial orbit caused by a mixture of throne and sulfur dioxide. Modern smog does not usually come from coal but from vehicular and industrial emissions that are acted on in the atmosphere by sun wispy to form secondary pollutants that also combine with the primary emissions to form photochemical smog.photochemical and chemical reactions involving it drive many of the chemical processes that occur in the atmosphere by day and by night. At abnormally high concentrations brought c overleaply by human activities (largely the combustion of fossil fuel), it is a pollutant, and a chemical element of smog.Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) similarly formed from NOx and VOCs.Minor air pollutants complicateA large number of minor hazardous air pollutants. Some of these are regulated in USA under the Clean Air Act and in Europe under the Air Framework Directive.A configuration of persistent organic pollutants, which can attach to particulate matter. resolute organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that are resistant to environmental abasement through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes. Because of this, they give birth been observed to persist in the environment, to be surefooted of long-range transport, bioaccumulate in human and animal tissue, biomagnify in food chains, and to fall in potential significant impacts on human health and the environment.SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTIONAnthropogenic sources (human activity) mostly related to burning different kinds of fuel unmoving Sources include smoke stacks of power plants, manufacturing facilities (factories) and waste incinerators, as well as furnaces and other types of fuel-burning heating devicesMobile Sources include motor vehicles, ocean vessels, aircraft and the effect of sound etc.Fumes from paint, hair spray, varnish, aerosol sprays and other solventsWaste stand byion in landfills, which gen erate methane. Methane is not toxic however, it is super flammable and may form explosive mixtures with air. Methane is also an asphyxiant and may give the gate oxygen in an enclosed space. Asphyxia or suffocation may result if the oxygen concentration is reduced to below 19.5% by displacement.Military, such as nuclear weapons, toxic gases, germ warfare and rocketryNatural sources spit from natural sources, usually large areas of land with little or no vegetation.Methane, emitted by the digestion of food by animals, for example cattle. radon gas from radioactive decay at bottom the Earths crust. Radon is a colorless, odorless, naturally occurring, radioactive formal gas that is formed from the decay of radium. It is considered to be a health hazard. Radon gas from natural sources can accumulate in buildings, especially in confined areas such as the basement and it is the second most snitch cause of lung cancer, after cigarette smoking.Smoke and carbon monoxide from wildfires.V olcanic activity, which produce sulfur, chlorine, and ash particulates.HOW TO CONTROL AIR POLLUTIONThe following items are commonly used as pollution control devices by industry or imparting devices. They can either destroy contaminants or repeal them from an exhaust stream before it is emitted into the atmosphere.Particulate controlMechanical collectorsElectrostatic precipitators An stable precipitator (ESP), or electrostatic air cleaner is a particulate collection device that removes particles from a flowing gas (such as air) victimisation the force of an induced electrostatic charge. Electrostatic precipitators are highly efficient filtration devices that minimally impede the flow of gases through the device, and can easily remove fine particulate matter such as dust and smoke from the air stream.Baghouses These are programmeed to handle heavy dust loads, a dust collector consists of a blower, dust filter, a filter-cleaning system, and a dust receptacle or dust removal syste mParticulate scrub brushs Wet scrubbing brush is a form of pollution control technology. The term describes a bod of devices that use pollutants from a furnace flue gas or from other gas streams. In a wet scrubber, the polluted gas stream is brought into contact with the scrubbing liquid, by spraying it with theliquid, by forcing it through a consortium-cat of liquid, or by some other contact method, so as to remove the pollutants.ScrubbersBaffle spray scrubberCyclonic spray scrubberMechanically aided scrubberSpray towerWet scrubberNOx controlLow NOx burnersSelective catalytic reduction Selective non-catalytic reductionNOx scrubbersCatalytic converterAcid splash/SO2 controlWet scrubbersDry scrubbersDont smokeKeep your car livelihood up-to-dateDont buy products that come in aerosol spray cans bend development unaffixeder fluid when barbecuing outsideWhen you drive deepen slowly and use cruise controlAlways replace your cars air filter drill a push or electric lawnmower al ternatively than a gas-powered oneDont use harsh chemical cleaners that can emit fumesInspect your gas appliances and heaters regularlyFacts about Air PollutionAlmost 232 million different types of vehicles are driven by U.S. citizens both day, adding greenhouse gases into the air.U.S. vehicle emissions contribute 45% to worldwide warmingThe average adult consumes 3,000 gallons of polluted air every day vehicle exhaust contributes to 60% of carbon monoxide emissions in the U.S. and up to 95% in large citiesEvery category 335,000 Americans die of lung cancer, which is a direct result of air pollutionSOURCES OF AIR POLLUTIONSome of the main contributors to body of wet pollution areFactoriesRefineriesWaste treatment facilitiesMiningPesticides, herbicides and fertilizersHuman sewage crude oil spillsFailing septic systemsSoap from washing your car oil and antifreeze leaking from carsHousehold chemicalsAnimal wasteWATER POLLUTION wet pollution is the introduction of chemical, biologi cal and physical matter into large bodies of water that lower the quality of life that lives in it and consumes it. Oil spills, household chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers are the major sources of water pollution. The best way to prevent water pollution is to not throw trash and other unwholesome chemicals into our water supplies because it causes harm to the rivers and lakes. Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water and, in close to all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities.Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds. Water pollution is a major problem in the global context. It has been suggested that it is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases, and that it accounts for the deaths of more(prenominal) than 14,000 people daily. An estimate d 700 million Indians have no approach to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indian children die of diarrheal sickness every day. Some 90% of Chinas cities suffer from some peak of water pollution, and nearly 500 million people lack access to safe drinking water. In addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing countries, industrialized countries continue to struggle with pollution problems as well. In the most recent national report on water quality in the United States, 45 percent of assessed stream miles, 47 percent of assessed lake acres, and 32 percent of assessed bay and estuarine square miles were assort as polluted.Facts about Water Pollution over two-thirds of U.S. estuaries and bays are firmly degraded because of nitrogen and phosphorous pollutionEvery year almost 25% of U.S. beaches are closed at least once because of water pollutionOver 73 different kinds of pesticides have been found in the groundwater that we eventually use to drink1.2 trillion gallons of sewage, stormwater and industrial waste are discharged into U.S. waters every year40% of U.S. rivers are likewise polluted for aquatic life to surviveAmericans use over 2.2 one million million pounds of pesticides every year, which eventually washes into our rivers and lakesHow to preclude Water PollutionThe best way to prevent water pollution is to not throw trash and other harmful chemicals into our water supplies. Here are a few more ways you can prevent water pollutionWash your car far aside from any storm water drainsDont throw trash, chemicals or solvents into sewer drainsInspect your septic system every 3-5 years nullify using pesticides and fertilizers that can run off into water systemsSweep your channel instead of hosing it downAlways pump your waste-holding tanks on your boatUse non-toxic cleaning materialsClean up oil and other liquid spills with kitty litter and sweet them upDont wash paint brushes in the take placeNOISE POLLUTION hoo-hah pollution (or environmen tal noise) is displeasing human, animal or machine-created sound that disrupts the activity or balance of human or animal life. The word noise comes from the Latin word nauseas, meaning seasickness.The source of most outdoor noise worldwide is mainly construction and transportation systems, including motor vehicle noise, aircraft noise and rail noise. Poor urban mean may give rise to noise pollution, since side-by-side industrial and residential buildings can result in noise pollution in the residential area. indoor(prenominal) and outdoor noise pollution sources include car alarms, emergency inspection and repair sirens, mechanical equipment, fireworks, compressed air horns, grounds keeping equipment, barking dogs, appliances, ignition hum, phone entertainment systems, electric megaphones, and loud people. The fact that you cant see, taste or smell it may help explain why it has not get as much attention as other types of pollution, such as air pollution, or water pollution. The air around us is constantly filled with sounds, yet most of us would probably not understand we are surrounded by noise. Though for some, the persistent and escalating sources of sound can often be considered an annoyance. This annoyance can have big danger. moderateness AND CONTROL FOR NOISE POLLUTIONHere are a variety of strategies for mitigating roadway noise including use of noise barriers, limitation of vehicle speeds, diversity of roadway surface texture, limitation of heavy vehicles, use of craft controls that static vehicle flow to reduce braking and acceleration, and tire design. An important factor in applying these strategies is a computer model for roadway noise, that is capable of addressing local topography, meteorology, traffic operations and hypothetical mitigation. Costs of building-in mitigation can be modest, provided these solutions are sought in the planning stage of a roadway project.Aircraft noise can be reduced to some extent by design of quieter jet engines, which was pursued vigorously in the 1970s and 1980s. This strategy has brought curb but noticeable reduction of urban sound levels. Reconsideration of operations, such as altering f low-cal paths and time of day runway use, has demonstrate benefits for residential populations near airports. FAA sponsored residential retrofit (insulation) programs initiated in the 1970s has also enjoyed success in reducing interior residential noise in thousands of residences across the United States.Exposure of workers to Industrial noise has been addressed since the 1930s. Changes include redesign of industrial equipment, shock mounting assemblies and physical barriers in the workplace.Noise Free America, a national anti-noise pollution organization, regularly lobbies for the enforcement of noise ordinances at all levels of government.LIGHT POLLUTIONThe International Dark- cast out Association (IDA) defines vigilant pollution asAny adverse effect of artificial feeble including throw g low, glare, light trespass, light clutter, decreased visibility at night, and energy waste. much(prenominal) an approach confuses the cause and its result, however. Pollution is the adding-of/added light itself, in analogy to added sound, CO2 etc. Adverse consequences are multiple, some of them may be not known yet. Real definitions are to be, therefore, likeAlteration of natural light levels in the outdoor environment owing to artificial light sources. illume pollution is the variation of light levels in the outdoor environment (from those march naturally) due to man-made sources of light. Indoor light pollution is such alteration of light levels in the indoor environment due to sources of light, which compromises human health. unprovoked pollution is the introduction by humans, directly or indirectly, of artificial light into the environment.In spite of the scientific approach, The U.S. National Park Service, whose Night Sky Team determined that almost every park that it survey ed has noticeable light pollution, defines the term still as Principally, the illumination of the night deliver caused by artificial light sources, decreasing the visibility of stars and other natural sky phenomena. Also includes other incidental or obtrusive aspects of outdoor lighting such as glare, trespass into areas not needing lighting, use in areas where or at times when lighting is not needed, and disturbance of the natural iniquity landscape. loose pollution obscures the stars in the night sky for city dwellers, interferes with astronomic observatories, and, like any other form of pollution, disrupts ecosystems and has adverse health effects.Light pollution can be divided into two main types(1) bothersome light that intrudes on an otherwise natural or low-light setting(2) excessive light (generally indoors) that leads to discomfort and adverse health effects.Since the early 1980s, a global dark-sky movement has emerged, with concerned people campaigning to reduce the am ount of light pollution.Light pollution is a side effect of industrial civilization. Its sources include building exterior and interior lighting, advertising, commercial properties, offices, factories, streetlights, and illuminated sporting venues. slipway TO REDUCE LIGHT POLLUTIONReducing light pollution implies many things, such as reducing sky glow, reducing glare, reducing light trespass, and reducing clutter. The method for best reducing light pollution, therefore, depends on but what the problem is in any given instance. Possible solutions includeUtilizing light sources of minimum intensity necessary to accomplish the lights purpose.Turning lights off using a timer or occupancy sensor or manually when not needed.Improving lighting fixtures, so that they direct their light more accurately towards where it is needed, and with less side effects.Adjusting the type of lights used, so that the light waves emitted are those that are less likely to cause severe light pollution proble ms.Evaluating vivacious lighting plans, and re-designing some or all of the plans depending on whether existing light is actually needed.LAND POLLUTION ground pollution is pollution of the Earths natural land surface by industrial, commercial, domestic and agricultural activities. Land pollution is the degradation of Earths land surfaces often caused by human activities and their aggrieve of land resources. It occurs when waste is not disposed properly. Health hazard temperament of urban and industrial wastes, exploitation of minerals, and improper use of soil by inadequate agricultural practices are a few factors. Urbanization and industrial enterprise are major causes of land pollution. The Industrial Revolution set a series of events into motion which destroyed natural habitats and polluted the environment, causing diseases in both humans and other species of animals.SOURCES OF LAND POLLUTIONSome of the main contributors to land pollution areChemical and nuclear plantsIndustr ial factoriesOil refineriesHuman sewageOil and antifreeze leaking from carsMiningLitteringOvercrowded landfillsDeforestationConstruction junkFACTS ABOUT LAND POLLUTIONEvery year one American produces over 3285 pounds of hazardous wasteLand pollution causes us to lose 24 billion tons of top soil every yearAmericans generate 30 billion foam cups, 220 million tires and 1.8 billion expendable diapers every yearWe throw away enough trash every day to fill 63,000 garbage trucksEvery day Americans throw away 1 million bushels of litter out their car windowOver 80% of items in landfills can be recycled, but theyre notHow to Prevent Land PollutionThe best way to prevent land pollution is to recycle. Here are a few other ways you can reduce land pollutionReuse any items that you can cloud biodegradable productsStore all liquid chemicals and waste in spill-proof containers eat organic foods that are grown without pesticidesDont use pesticidesUse a come down tray to collect engine oilBuy pro ducts that have little forwardingDont dump motor oil on the groundMARINE POLLUTIONMarine pollution occurs when harmful effects, or potentially harmful effects, can result from the entry into the ocean of chemicals, particles, industrial, agricultural and residential waste, noise, or the circle of invasive organisms. Most sources of marine pollution are land based. The pollution often comes from nonpoint sources such as agricultural runoff and windblown debris. numerous potentially toxic chemicals adhere to tiny particles which are then taken up by plankton and benthos animals, most of which are either deposit or filter feeders. In this way, the toxins are concentrated upward within ocean food chains. Many particles combine chemically in a manner highly depletive of oxygen, causing estuaries to convey anoxic. When pesticides are incorporated into the marine ecosystem, they quickly become absorbed into marine food webs. Once in the food webs, these pesticides can cause mutations, as well as diseases, which can be harmful to humans as well as the perfect food web.Toxic metals can also be introduced into marine food webs. These can cause a change to tissue matter, biochemistry, behaviour, reproduction, and suppress offshoot in marine life. Also, many animal feeds have a high fish meal or fish hydrolysate content. In this way, marine toxins can be transferred to land animals, and appear later in meat and dairy farm products.TERMAL POLLUTIONThermal pollution is the degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature. A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers.When water used as a coolant is returned to the natural environment at a higher temperature, the change in temperature(a) Decreases oxygen supply(b) Affects ecosystem composition.SHIP POLLUTIONShip pollution is the pollution of air and water by shipping. It is a problem that has been accelerating as tra de has become increasingly globalized, posing an increasing threat to the worlds oceans and waterways as globalization continues.RADIATION POLLUTIONRadiation pollution is any form of ionizing or no ionizing radiation that results from human activities. The most well-known radiation results from the detonation of nuclear devices and the controlled release of energy by nuclear-power generating plants (see nuclear energy). Other sources of radiation include spent-fuel reprocessing plants, by-products of mining operations, and experimental research laboratories. Increased exposure to medical X rays and to radiation emissions from microwave ovens and other household appliances, although of considerably less magnitude, all constitute sources of environmental radiation.Public concern over the release of radiation into the environment greatly increased following the disclosure of possible harmful effects to the public from nuclear weapons testing, the accident (1979) at the Three slub Isla nd nuclear-power generating plant near Harrisburg, Pa., and the catastrophic 1986 explosion at Chernobyl, a Soviet nuclear power plant. In the late 1980s, revelations of major pollution problems at U.S. nuclear weapons reactors raised apprehensions even higher.REFRENCESPollution causes effect and control By Roy M .HarrisonAir Pollution By Jeremy CoilsGlobal effect of environmental pollution By Siegfied Fred SingerWater Wars By Vandana ShivaPollution By Christiane Dorionwww.google.comWikipedia.org